Know your normal
Knowing how your testicles usually look and feel can make it easier to notice a change. Checking is a simple way to become familiar with your body, and it gives you something clear to describe if you need to speak to a doctor.
Testicular cancer can affect anyone with testicles. If you notice something unusual, get medical advice, even if it does not hurt.
Testicular cancer is cancer that develops in the testicles. A lump or change can be worrying, but there are other possible causes too. An examination is the way to find out what is happening.
Read the NHS information about testicular cancer for more detail about diagnosis, treatment and support.
The NHS recommends checking around once a month. During or just after a warm bath or shower is a good time, when the skin is more relaxed.
Gently support your scrotum and roll each testicle between your thumb and fingers. Notice its surface and feel, and become familiar with the soft tube behind each testicle, called the epididymis. It is normal for one testicle to hang lower or be a little larger; look for changes from what is usual for you.
Checking does not diagnose cancer or rule it out. For the full technique, use the NHS guide to checking your testicles.
Contact your GP if you notice:
These symptoms do not necessarily mean cancer, but they need checking. You do not need to wait until your next monthly check or until a change becomes painful.
Read the NHS guidance on testicular cancer symptoms
Go to A&E immediately or call 999 if you have sudden, severe testicle pain; testicle pain with nausea, vomiting or tummy pain; or pain lasting more than an hour or continuing while you rest. These can be signs of a serious problem requiring immediate treatment.
For a lump, swelling, changes in feel or shape, or aching that worries you, ask for an urgent GP appointment or contact NHS 111. Do not try to diagnose the cause yourself.
Read the NHS advice on testicle pain
You might feel uncomfortable describing an intimate change. Writing down what you have noticed can make the conversation easier. You can tell the receptionist or clinician that you are anxious and ask about having a chaperone for an examination.
At an appointment, the GP may ask about your symptoms and examine your testicles. If they think further tests are needed, they can explain the next steps. A referral for tests does not automatically mean you have cancer.
If you have a diagnosis, you may have questions you do not feel ready to ask all at once. Keep a list for your healthcare team, including questions about treatment, recovery, fertility or how you are feeling.
The NHS testicular cancer information is a useful starting point. For emotional support, explore our men’s mental health and wellbeing page.
If you are supporting someone else, ask what would be useful. They might appreciate company at an appointment or help with an everyday task, while still wanting privacy around some parts of their care.
Talk to your healthcare team about any proposed trip, including timing and activities. Our travel insurance page explains how to explore cover and prepare for medical screening.
Explore testicular cancer travel insurance
Back to the Men’s Health Hub This page provides general information and does not replace medical advice. If you are concerned about a change, get it checked by a healthcare professional.
